Welcome fellow educators, parents, caregivers and all people to the educator website where we discuss the importance of social and emotional learning. 

Effects of prenatal development, early childhood experiences and care onto the adolescent life. 

Prenatal development

Research has shown that a child's birth weight and post natal growth during the early childhood stage can be heavily associated with a person's adolescence path. Children who were born in a low or high birth weight have been found to have a poor academic performance in comparison to a child that was born in a normal birth weight criteria. (Dawes et al,. 2015).  Early life development and adult cognitive functions are also connected and there are statistics that show what certain factors contribute to development experiences. For example the factors include children's socio economic statuses and birth trauma. 

Developmental Stages

Infants social emotional development milestones:

By 3 months an infant is able to feel emotions such as being able to calm down when someone speaks to them or picks them up, looks at a familiar face,  and even smiles when you speak or smile at them first. The people who might seeing a smile often are adults that interact or are around the infant the most such as caregivers, grandparents, or baby sitters. Strangers might be receiving a curious stare or a nervous smile because the child does not recognise them. They are often spending their time trying to sort out who is who in their lives. (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021)

Early Childhood Social/Emotional milestones

In this stage of life, children are able to express emotions, follow directions, form relationships with others and even build confidence in themselves. In a classroom children's milestones might look like the following: establishing friendships with peers their age, gain strong speech and problem solving skills, follow rules both at home and school, work and concentrate through challenges. At age 4 children have the ability to comfort others who are feeling sad or hurt by hugging or talking to them, avoid danger, adapt behaviour to fit place and time such as library, playground or classroom settings. (Early Stages, 2019)

Middle Childhood Social/Emotions

Children began to socially compare themselves and also begin to go through social pressures such as bullying, peer victimisation and fitting standards. The social comparison often looks like analysing self's skills knowledge, and personal qualities. For example a male student might feel unworthy because they are not as athletic as others. Children who are considered popular are known to have good social skills and are also known to be friendly. Therefore anti-social children can also gain popularity by becoming tough or bullying others. When bullying starts to become a consistent issue students might begin to withdraw themselves from their daily activities and can also start skipping school. It is important that adults notice signs in bullying and make sure to address them early to prevent anymore serious issues. 

Social Emotional learning strategies for development stages 

Infant Developmental Stage

Sharing one on one time with babies to form that emotional bond. Infants at 4 to 6 months will begin to copy facial expressions and learn to respond in the way.  Allow your baby to hold and touch face while you are making an expression. Share laughs during bath time or reading time and respond to their own reactions with a positive expression to show support. (State of Michigan, 2024)

Early Childhood Developmental Stage

Children at this age are starting to experience a range of emotions therefore it is important to help children understand the consequences of their behaviour. Use examples to teach children about their actions, for example if a child throws their toys in the ground or throws at someone, have the child pick up the toys and put them in the correct spot and tell them if they do not listen that there will be consequences such as not being able to use those certain toys until they learn to put them away and understand. (Teaching Strategies, 2019)

Middle Childhood Developmental Stage

In this stage, young girls and boys go through a lot of changes from mental, physical and also educational. It is important to always be there for them when they need someone to talk to. Children at that age sometimes keep things to themselves and do not allow others to know what they are feeling and that can lead to anxiety and depression. Having one on one time with them can let them know that they can trust you and confide what they are going through. 

References

 

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2021, April 2). Emotional and Social Development: Birth to 3 Months. HealthyChildren.org. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/Pages/Emotional-and-Social-Development-Birth-to-3-Months.aspx

Dawes, P., Cruickshanks, K. J., Moore, D. R., Fortnum, H., Edmondson-Jones, M., McCormack, A., & Munro, K. J. (2015). The Effect of Prenatal and Childhood Development on Hearing, Vision and Cognition in Adulthood. PLOS ONE, 10(8), e0136590. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136590

Early Stages. (2019). Social-Emotional Milestones | earlystages. Www.earlystagesdc.org. https://www.earlystagesdc.org/page/social-emotional-milestones

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood | Lifespan Development. (n.d.). Courses.lumenlearning.com. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hvcc-lifespandevelopment5/chapter/emotional-and-social-development-in-middle-childhood/

State of Michigan. (2024). Infant Social & Emotional Development. Www.michigan.gov. https://www.michigan.gov/mikidsmatter/parents/infant/social

Teaching Strategies. (2019, March 7). 5 Ways to Support Social-Emotional Development in Early Childhood. Teaching Strategies. https://teachingstrategies.com/blog/5-ways-support-social-emotional-development-early-childhood/